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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Construct literals as STRING values and route string operations through
ordinary library functions and operators. Preserve value ownership in
records, arrays, constants and file I/O.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Select member and global candidates together, enforce private access, and
reuse argument marshalling. Materialize temporary receivers for chaining
and register them for the existing object cleanup mechanism.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Repeated EXTERN declarations with the same signature share one C symbol,
as C declarations do; conflicting signatures are errors.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Variadic arguments must be C values and receive C default argument
promotions; narrow integer parameters carry sign/zero extension.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Runtime check messages and the unhandled-exception message were printed
to stdout by the generated program, so `cpsc x.cps -r >out.txt` captured
them. They are now formatted with snprintf and written with write(2).
Test expectations and docs are updated accordingly.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Invoke the internal entry function through the generated exception handler
and truncate its INTEGER result to the process exit status.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Reject builds without an entry program and duplicate cross-file definitions.
Preserve source order for each unit's own constants and import visible exports.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Use standard WHILE headers and default-public class fields, resolve
pseudocode identifiers without case sensitivity, and check signed i64
literal boundaries before conversion. Preserve source locations across
recursive emission and function diagnostics.
Add 22 regression cases and update compiler examples and documentation.
Validated all 69 CTest entries with the original Linux Actions seed and
verified the release package's embedded, native and IR output paths.
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Reuse historical runtime messages and source-line reporting for arithmetic,
array, enum, pointer and file checks while preserving anonymous exceptions.
Update the manuals and subsystem guidance to describe diagnostic output.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Reject other compiler and LLVM major versions and remove GCC compiler
fallbacks. Adapt string globals, block termination checks and the embedded
target triple to LLVM 23 without changing pseudocode behavior.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Add TRY/CATCH/ENDTRY and anonymous THROW statements. Use LLVM exception
handling and the C++ ABI to propagate exceptions across function calls,
clean up catch state, and handle uncaught exceptions at the program boundary.
Register exception runtime symbols for the statically linked embedded runner.
Verify runtime checks, nested catches, returns, loops, and invalid syntax
with smoke programs; exercise unwinding with MCJIT, lli, and native binaries.
BREAKING CHANGE: Runtime check failures now throw anonymous exceptions and
print only a generic message when uncaught. Native binaries require linking
the C++ runtime.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- RETURN outside any FUNCTION/PROCEDURE used to emit an i64/void ret
inside i32 main — a verifier dump instead of a diagnostic. It is now a
clean compile error (no signature means top level: pseudocode cannot
name a function 'main', it is a reserved runtime symbol).
- READFILE "f.txt", r.f mis-parsed into an error cascade the same way
INPUT r.f did before its fix; the target now consumes the designator
and reports one clear 'must be a plain STRING variable' error.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Review findings (all reproduced, then fixed and re-verified):
- '^x' leaked as a raw address into any builtin context (s <- ^x printed
the variable's bytes as a C string; NOT ^x, '&', and ^x = ^x compiled).
Address-of is now rejected everywhere except a pointer-typed target.
- A whole-array variable passed the nominal gate as a value of its
ELEMENT type (s <- arrayOfSeason stored the raw data pointer; = on it
emitted invalid IR). Whole arrays are now rejected as operands and as
coercion sources; array parameters are unaffected.
- Enum values smuggled into INTEGER through array subscripts and DECLARE
bounds (a[Autumn], ARRAY[Spring:Winter]); both now go through
emitCoercedExpr like every other INTEGER context.
- An array DECLAREd inside an IF/WHILE/REPEAT/FOR body and used after the
block was a wild-pointer write (constant bounds) or a verifier dump
(runtime bounds). Arrays are now block-scoped: control-flow bodies
snapshot and restore the ArrayTable, so escape is a clean compile error.
- Duplicate parameter names silently shadowed (BYREF write-back defeated);
now a parse error. Trailing comma in parameter lists accepted; now a
parse error consistent with every other list.
- A variable/array/parameter/function could reuse a TYPE name; reserved.
- RETURN with a value inside a PROCEDURE was silently discarded (control
did not return); now an error, as is a bare RETURN in a FUNCTION.
- INPUT r.f mis-parsed into a three-error cascade; now one clear error.
- Assigning to an enum constant now says so instead of 'Unknown variable'.
Docs: ARCH/CONVENTIONS/EXTENDING/SUBSYSTEMS/PITFALLS rewritten for the
TYPE system (ABI additions, nominal-typing invariants, admission-gate
doors, array-parameter ABI, new recipes, new sharp edges); README
features/TODO updated — random files are unblocked.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Parameter syntax lands end-to-end: ARRAY OF T (rank 1, bounds travel
with the argument) and ARRAY[l:u,...] OF T (any rank, literal bounds as
a checked contract). Element type and rank must match exactly.
- Flattened ABI: each rank-R array parameter becomes a data pointer plus
kBoundArgsPerDim i64 bounds per dimension. The callee rebuilds
ArrayMetadata from those bounds (ArrayHandler::bindArrayParameter via a
binder callback injected by CodeGen, so FunctionGen stays ignorant of
the array subsystem); the checked-indexing pipeline is reused unchanged.
- BYVAL (the CIE default) copies the whole buffer at callee entry
(malloc+memcpy, never freed — consistent with the string policy) so
callee writes stay invisible; BYREF binds the caller's buffer.
- Bounded-parameter contract: compile-time comparison when the caller's
bounds are constants, else a runtime [Fatal] check
(RuntimeCheck::emitArrayArgBoundsCheck).
- marshalCallArgs gains the array branch and a call-site line number
(CallStmtAST now carries one); whole-array-to-scalar keeps a clear
error, FUNCTION RETURNS ARRAY is a dedicated parse error.
- Verified: BYREF fill/sort-style mutation, BYVAL copy invisibility,
2-D bounded params, ARRAY OF <record> with field writes through the
parameter, bounds-contract mismatches at compile time and run time.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- New CodeGen::emitLValue resolves any designator — variable, checked
array element, record field chain (CreateStructGEP via the record
payload), pointer deref (with the null-pointer [Fatal] check) — to an
address + type name; loadFromLValue centralizes the rvalue read and the
STRING null->"" guard, so zero-initialized STRING fields read as "".
- Designator assignment stores through emitLValue + emitCoercedExpr;
whole-record copies (r2 <- r1, array elements, BYVAL args, RETURN) are
aggregate loads/stores with name-checked admission.
- getExprTypeInfo walks designator chains statically (field types from
the record payload, deref to the pointee), so records/pointers type
correctly in every expression context.
- Address-of ^x admits into a pointer target only when the designator's
type name equals the declared pointee exactly (nominal, strict: the
guide's own ^INTEGER-at-a-Season example is a compile error by design);
^arr[i] and ^rec.field work through the same lvalue path.
- Verified: the guide's §4.2 StudentRecord example (minus DATE), nested
records, arrays of records with Form[i].YearGroup writes, record
BYREF/BYVAL params, NodePtr = ^Node forward reference with writes
through n1.Next^.Data, unset-pointer deref dying with [Fatal].
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- TypeSystem: TypeKinds Enum/Record/Pointer with per-kind payloads and
checked accessors; two-pass registration (names first, then definitions
in source order) so pointer TYPEs may forward-reference; enum-constant
table owned by TypeSystem so constants stay visible inside function
bodies across the Symbols save/clear/restore. Dead surface removed
(Custom kind, Printable/Builtin/ReferenceLike, ElementSize, hasType,
CodeGen::getNamedValue/getLLVMType).
- Enums are i64 with 0-based ordinals (constexpr kEnumOrdinalBase); all
type identity is by NAME. New emitCoercedExpr is the single admission
gate, replacing raw coercion at assignments, array stores, BYVAL args,
RETURN, IF/WHILE/REPEAT/FOR operands, file operands and builtin args;
coerceValueToType now hard-errors if a user-kind target reaches it.
- Binary ops with user-kind operands are intercepted ahead of
ArithmeticHandler ('&'-intercept precedent): same-enum comparisons,
enum +/- INTEGER (with a runtime range check, [Fatal] on overflow, the
only site that can manufacture an invalid ordinal), same-name pointer
=/<>; everything else is a compile error naming the operator.
- OUTPUT is an exhaustive switch over TypeKind (enum prints its ordinal;
record/pointer are compile errors, also covering whole-array OUTPUT);
INPUT's silent %lld fallback for unknown kinds is now an explicit error.
- Enum value names are globally reserved: collisions with DECLARE,
array names, parameters and function names are compile errors.
- RuntimeCheck: emitEnumRangeCheck + emitNullDerefCheck (used by the
pointer phase) following the emitIndexCheck recipe.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Reserve TYPE/ENDTYPE/SET/DEFINE (-600 token block); SET/DEFINE parse to
dedicated not-implemented errors (RANDOM precedent).
- New TypeAST.h: enum/pointer/record decl nodes, designator chain
(DesignatorExprAST + Index/Field/Deref accessors), AddrOfExprAST,
DesignatorAssignStmtAST. Bare-name and single-index shapes degrade to
their legacy nodes, so existing programs produce identical ASTs.
- ParserType.cc: TYPE declarations (top-level only, enforced via a
ParseBlock depth counter), DECLARE-only record bodies with local
field-level error recovery.
- Postfix [ ] . ^ chain in ParseIdentifierExpr; prefix ^ (address-of,
designator operand only) in ParseUnary; assignment targets rebuilt on
the same suffix parser.
- Parameters: ParamDecl{name, type, mode, array rank/bounds} replaces the
(name, type, byref) tuple. Pass mode is sticky across parameters and
BYREF is rejected in FUNCTIONs, both per guide §8.3 (the old per-param
reset made the guide's own SWAP example pass Y by value). ARRAY OF T /
ARRAY[l:u,...] OF T parameter syntax parses; codegen rejects it until
the parameter-passing phase lands.
- CodeGen stubs report clear not-implemented errors for the new nodes so
nothing is silently ignored.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Element sizes now flow as target-folded null-GEP sizeof constants
(TypeSystem::getSizeOfConstant); the module has no DataLayout string,
so host-side size math would diverge from the backend on padded structs.
- Extract the triplicated STRING null->"" select into
CodeGen::emitStringNullGuard.
- Scope ArrayTable per function via ArrayHandler::exchangeTable, mirroring
the Symbols save/clear/restore discipline.
- Promote checked element addressing to public
ArrayHandler::emitElementAddress for the upcoming lvalue layer.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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(OPENFILE/READFILE/WRITEFILE/CLOSEFILE/EOF)
Front end: OPENFILE/READFILE/WRITEFILE/CLOSEFILE plus reserved mode
keywords READ/WRITE/APPEND (RANDOM reserved with a dedicated
not-implemented error); statement nodes in new FileAST.h, parsing in new
ParserFile.cc; EOF joins the Builtins table as the 12th builtin and
CallExprAST now carries a line number for its runtime diagnostics.
Runtime: new FileHandler (StringHandler-shaped leaf) lazily synthesizes
internal __cps_file_* helper functions and a 16-slot open-file table
keyed by filename content (strcmp — STRING '=' is pointer identity).
EOF is an fgetc/ungetc peek; READFILE grows a malloc/realloc line buffer
and strips a trailing CR; fopen uses text modes so mingw-w64 line
translation works. File-free programs get byte-identical IR. All misuse
(not open, wrong mode, reopen, fopen failure, read past EOF, table full)
dies with the existing "[Fatal] line N:" pattern via a new
RuntimeCheck::emitErrorAndExit overload taking runtime printf args.
Also fixes a pre-existing ArithmeticHandler hole surfaced by adversarial
review: mixed-width integer operands (i1 BOOLEAN / i8 CHAR vs i64) now
widen via ZExt instead of emitting invalid IR, and remaining type
mismatches get a clean diagnostic; -EOF(f) and -IS_NUM(x) compile.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Confirmed by a 17-agent review pass over the refactor diff (12 findings
verified against the code and reproduced end-to-end):
- marshalCallArgs: BYREF arguments must match the declared parameter
type exactly (was: silent bit-reinterpretation, e.g. REAL passed to
BYREF INTEGER printed garbage with exit 0); whole-array arguments are
rejected (was: callee assignment smashed the array data pointer ->
runtime SIGSEGV)
- Null guards for CHR/LCASE/UCASE/IS_NUM/NUM_TO_STR/STR_TO_NUM/ASC
argument emission (was: compiler SIGSEGV on e.g. CHR(undeclared)),
matching the guards MID/RIGHT/LEFT already had
- ParseReturnStmt: propagate expression-parse failure (was: diagnostic
printed but exit 0) and recognize bare RETURN before
ENDWHILE/UNTIL/NEXT (was: bogus diagnostic on legal early return)
- emitPrototype rejects FUNCTION/PROCEDURE names that collide with
runtime/libc symbols (was: FUNCTION strlen silently hijacked the
string runtime; arity mismatch crashed createArgumentAllocas) or with
builtins (was: silently shadowed); conflicting redefinitions keep the
first signature
- FOR STEP is evaluated exactly once, before the loop (was: once per
iteration; the runtime-direction refactor had moved it to N+1)
- RETURN values are coerced to the declared return type via the
signature table (RETURN n in a RETURNS REAL function now compiles)
- '&' coerces its operands to STRING (CHAR/number operands work);
OUTPUT of a PROCEDURE call reports a clean error
AGENTS docs updated to match. All positive samples remain byte-identical
to the pre-refactor baseline.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Integer/Real/Boolean/CharHandler carried only five one-line LLVM API
wrappers (now inlined at their call sites in CodeGen.cc) plus dead
emitDeclare methods that violated the documented two-table lock-step
invariant. StringHandler::emitDeclare (also dead) and its NamedValues
reference go too.
With the dead writers gone, NamedValues held no information not already
in Symbols[].Storage, so the parallel map is removed: getNamedValue
reads Symbols, ArrayHandler/FunctionGen take one table, and function
bodies save/restore a single map. Behavior unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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CodeGen declares its own MallocFunc in SetupExternalFunctions and uses
it for char->STRING coercion and INPUT STRING buffers, removing two bare
getFunction("malloc") calls that null-deref'd if no handler happened to
declare malloc first. The CHR branch reuses the char->STRING coercion
path instead of a second hand-rolled heap wrapper.
String concatenation moves from ArithmeticHandler (which re-declared
four externs per '&' and was the LLVM 19 build-pin root cause) to
StringHandler::emitConcat; ArithmeticHandler no longer touches the
Module. Dead FreeFunc declarations removed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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emitPrototype now records each FUNCTION/PROCEDURE's pseudocode signature
(FuncSig: return type + per-param type/BYREF flag). CodeGen::
marshalCallArgs replaces the two verbatim-duplicated marshalling blocks
and dispatches on the declared signature instead of inferring BYREF from
pointer-typed LLVM params: BYVAL STRING params now receive the string
data pointer (no more runtime garbage), and BYVAL args are coerced to
the declared type (INTEGER->REAL args no longer emit invalid IR).
Top-level prototypes are pre-registered in compile(), so calls may
precede definitions; GenerateCall no longer fabricates i64 externs for
unknown names - an unregistered callee is a compile error. OUTPUT
reports an error when it cannot infer the expression type instead of
printing with the INTEGER format.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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All 11 builtins now live in one static {Name, Arity, ReturnTypeName}
table in CodeGen.cc: emitExpr checks arity against it (uniform
"Error: X expects N args" diagnostics) and getExprTypeInfo reads return
types from it, removing the duplicated hard-coded table.
LENGTH/MID/RIGHT/LEFT/LCASE/UCASE lose their lexer tokens and
ParseStringBuiltin; they parse as ordinary identifier calls exactly like
ASC/CHR/IS_NUM/NUM_TO_STR/STR_TO_NUM already did. Behavior note: these
six names are no longer reserved words.
AGENTS docs updated for the new builtin story and the batch-1 error
contract (exit codes, verifyModule, fixed descending FOR).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- MID/RIGHT/LEFT integer args now coerced at call sites (RIGHT(s, n/2)
no longer emits invalid IR); drop emitLeft's private conversion
- FOR loop direction decided at run time via select on STEP sign;
descending FOR works, STEP evaluated once per iteration
- ArrayHandler: extract emitCheckedIndices/loadElement; index count is
validated before emission, fixing a compiler-crash (vector OOB UB) on
OUTPUT with too many indices
- Error contract: Lexer/Parser/CodeGen track errors; all silent failure
paths now print Error: diagnostics with line numbers; unterminated
char literal no longer truncates the rest of the program; module is
verified with verifyModule; driver exits non-zero on any error
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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