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2026-10-21feat(codegen): instantiate class templates_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-21feat(codegen): add variadic function templates_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-21feat(codegen): support explicit template arguments_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-21feat(codegen): instantiate function templates by deduction_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-21feat(parser): parse TEMPLATE declarations, template ids and parameter packs_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-20refactor(strings): replace compiler builtins with the STRING library_ov4
Construct literals as STRING values and route string operations through ordinary library functions and operators. Preserve value ownership in records, arrays, constants and file I/O. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-18feat(classes): add copy constructors and statement-scoped temporaries_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-18feat(driver): add #LIB directive hiding library lines in runtime errors_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-18feat(operators): add member and unary overloads with explicit calls_ov4
Select member and global candidates together, enforce private access, and reuse argument marshalling. Materialize temporary receivers for chaining and register them for the existing object cleanup mechanism. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(codegen): allow identical EXTERN redeclarations across files_ov4
Repeated EXTERN declarations with the same signature share one C symbol, as C declarations do; conflicting signatures are errors. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(codegen): declare and call EXTERN C functions_ov4
Variadic arguments must be C values and receive C default argument promotions; narrow integer parameters carry sign/zero extension. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(classes): overload methods and NEW constructors_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(codegen): overload global functions and procedures_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(runtime): write runtime diagnostics to stderr_ov4
Runtime check messages and the unhandled-exception message were printed to stdout by the generated program, so `cpsc x.cps -r >out.txt` captured them. They are now formatted with snprintf and written with write(2). Test expectations and docs are updated accordingly. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(codegen): FUNCTION MAIN entry point_ov4
Invoke the internal entry function through the generated exception handler and truncate its INTEGER result to the process exit status. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(codegen): GLOBAL variables as LLVM globals_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(driver): compile multiple source files with INCLUDE visibility_ov4
Reject builds without an entry program and duplicate cross-file definitions. Preserve source order for each unit's own constants and import visible exports. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17refactor(diag): file-qualified diagnostic locations_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(classes): destroy stack objects during exception unwinding_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(classes): destroy stack objects at scope exit_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(classes): allocate objects with NEW and rebind named class variables_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(classes): support ordinary member methods and this references_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-17feat(memory): add tracked MALLOC and FREE builtins_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-16fix(compiler): correct CIE semantics and diagnostic locations_ov4
Use standard WHILE headers and default-public class fields, resolve pseudocode identifiers without case sensitivity, and check signed i64 literal boundaries before conversion. Preserve source locations across recursive emission and function diagnostics. Add 22 regression cases and update compiler examples and documentation. Validated all 69 CTest entries with the original Linux Actions seed and verified the release package's embedded, native and IR output paths.
2026-10-16feat(constants): implement literal constants with lexical scope_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-16refactor(codegen): split emission by responsibility_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-15fix(codegen): restore runtime diagnostics before throwing_ov4
Reuse historical runtime messages and source-line reporting for arithmetic, array, enum, pointer and file checks while preserving anonymous exceptions. Update the manuals and subsystem guidance to describe diagnostic output. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-14build(toolchain)!: require LLVM and Clang 23_ov4
Reject other compiler and LLVM major versions and remove GCC compiler fallbacks. Adapt string globals, block termination checks and the embedded target triple to LLVM 23 without changing pseudocode behavior. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-14feat(codegen): support C scalar arithmetic and input output_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-14feat(parser): add explicit parenthesized type casts_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-14feat(types): add native C scalar types and imported aliases_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13feat(compiler)!: add try-catch with C++ stack unwinding_ov4
Add TRY/CATCH/ENDTRY and anonymous THROW statements. Use LLVM exception handling and the C++ ABI to propagate exceptions across function calls, clean up catch state, and handle uncaught exceptions at the program boundary. Register exception runtime symbols for the statically linked embedded runner. Verify runtime checks, nested catches, returns, loops, and invalid syntax with smoke programs; exercise unwinding with MCJIT, lli, and native binaries. BREAKING CHANGE: Runtime check failures now throw anonymous exceptions and print only a generic message when uncaught. Native binaries require linking the C++ runtime. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13Add record-derived classes with explicit field visibility_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13fix: distinguish compiler errors and report compilation termination_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13feat: support comma-separated OUTPUT expressions_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13fix: check division and modulo for zero divisors_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13fix: compare strings by content_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13feat: compile source files with configurable IR output_ov4
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26fix: top-level RETURN and READFILE designator targets error cleanly_ov4
- RETURN outside any FUNCTION/PROCEDURE used to emit an i64/void ret inside i32 main — a verifier dump instead of a diagnostic. It is now a clean compile error (no signature means top level: pseudocode cannot name a function 'main', it is a reserved runtime symbol). - READFILE "f.txt", r.f mis-parsed into an error cascade the same way INPUT r.f did before its fix; the target now consumes the designator and reports one clear 'must be a plain STRING variable' error. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26fix: close type-safety holes found by adversarial review; update docs_ov4
Review findings (all reproduced, then fixed and re-verified): - '^x' leaked as a raw address into any builtin context (s <- ^x printed the variable's bytes as a C string; NOT ^x, '&', and ^x = ^x compiled). Address-of is now rejected everywhere except a pointer-typed target. - A whole-array variable passed the nominal gate as a value of its ELEMENT type (s <- arrayOfSeason stored the raw data pointer; = on it emitted invalid IR). Whole arrays are now rejected as operands and as coercion sources; array parameters are unaffected. - Enum values smuggled into INTEGER through array subscripts and DECLARE bounds (a[Autumn], ARRAY[Spring:Winter]); both now go through emitCoercedExpr like every other INTEGER context. - An array DECLAREd inside an IF/WHILE/REPEAT/FOR body and used after the block was a wild-pointer write (constant bounds) or a verifier dump (runtime bounds). Arrays are now block-scoped: control-flow bodies snapshot and restore the ArrayTable, so escape is a clean compile error. - Duplicate parameter names silently shadowed (BYREF write-back defeated); now a parse error. Trailing comma in parameter lists accepted; now a parse error consistent with every other list. - A variable/array/parameter/function could reuse a TYPE name; reserved. - RETURN with a value inside a PROCEDURE was silently discarded (control did not return); now an error, as is a bare RETURN in a FUNCTION. - INPUT r.f mis-parsed into a three-error cascade; now one clear error. - Assigning to an enum constant now says so instead of 'Unknown variable'. Docs: ARCH/CONVENTIONS/EXTENDING/SUBSYSTEMS/PITFALLS rewritten for the TYPE system (ABI additions, nominal-typing invariants, admission-gate doors, array-parameter ABI, new recipes, new sharp edges); README features/TODO updated — random files are unblocked. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26feat: whole arrays (and records) as FUNCTION/PROCEDURE parameters_ov4
- Parameter syntax lands end-to-end: ARRAY OF T (rank 1, bounds travel with the argument) and ARRAY[l:u,...] OF T (any rank, literal bounds as a checked contract). Element type and rank must match exactly. - Flattened ABI: each rank-R array parameter becomes a data pointer plus kBoundArgsPerDim i64 bounds per dimension. The callee rebuilds ArrayMetadata from those bounds (ArrayHandler::bindArrayParameter via a binder callback injected by CodeGen, so FunctionGen stays ignorant of the array subsystem); the checked-indexing pipeline is reused unchanged. - BYVAL (the CIE default) copies the whole buffer at callee entry (malloc+memcpy, never freed — consistent with the string policy) so callee writes stay invisible; BYREF binds the caller's buffer. - Bounded-parameter contract: compile-time comparison when the caller's bounds are constants, else a runtime [Fatal] check (RuntimeCheck::emitArrayArgBoundsCheck). - marshalCallArgs gains the array branch and a call-site line number (CallStmtAST now carries one); whole-array-to-scalar keeps a clear error, FUNCTION RETURNS ARRAY is a dedicated parse error. - Verified: BYREF fill/sort-style mutation, BYVAL copy invisibility, 2-D bounded params, ARRAY OF <record> with field writes through the parameter, bounds-contract mismatches at compile time and run time. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26feat: records with designator lvalues, and pointer types (CIE 4.1/4.2)_ov4
- New CodeGen::emitLValue resolves any designator — variable, checked array element, record field chain (CreateStructGEP via the record payload), pointer deref (with the null-pointer [Fatal] check) — to an address + type name; loadFromLValue centralizes the rvalue read and the STRING null->"" guard, so zero-initialized STRING fields read as "". - Designator assignment stores through emitLValue + emitCoercedExpr; whole-record copies (r2 <- r1, array elements, BYVAL args, RETURN) are aggregate loads/stores with name-checked admission. - getExprTypeInfo walks designator chains statically (field types from the record payload, deref to the pointee), so records/pointers type correctly in every expression context. - Address-of ^x admits into a pointer target only when the designator's type name equals the declared pointee exactly (nominal, strict: the guide's own ^INTEGER-at-a-Season example is a compile error by design); ^arr[i] and ^rec.field work through the same lvalue path. - Verified: the guide's §4.2 StudentRecord example (minus DATE), nested records, arrays of records with Form[i].YearGroup writes, record BYREF/BYVAL params, NodePtr = ^Node forward reference with writes through n1.Next^.Data, unset-pointer deref dying with [Fatal]. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26feat: user type registry and enumerated types (CIE 4.1/4.2)_ov4
- TypeSystem: TypeKinds Enum/Record/Pointer with per-kind payloads and checked accessors; two-pass registration (names first, then definitions in source order) so pointer TYPEs may forward-reference; enum-constant table owned by TypeSystem so constants stay visible inside function bodies across the Symbols save/clear/restore. Dead surface removed (Custom kind, Printable/Builtin/ReferenceLike, ElementSize, hasType, CodeGen::getNamedValue/getLLVMType). - Enums are i64 with 0-based ordinals (constexpr kEnumOrdinalBase); all type identity is by NAME. New emitCoercedExpr is the single admission gate, replacing raw coercion at assignments, array stores, BYVAL args, RETURN, IF/WHILE/REPEAT/FOR operands, file operands and builtin args; coerceValueToType now hard-errors if a user-kind target reaches it. - Binary ops with user-kind operands are intercepted ahead of ArithmeticHandler ('&'-intercept precedent): same-enum comparisons, enum +/- INTEGER (with a runtime range check, [Fatal] on overflow, the only site that can manufacture an invalid ordinal), same-name pointer =/<>; everything else is a compile error naming the operator. - OUTPUT is an exhaustive switch over TypeKind (enum prints its ordinal; record/pointer are compile errors, also covering whole-array OUTPUT); INPUT's silent %lld fallback for unknown kinds is now an explicit error. - Enum value names are globally reserved: collisions with DECLARE, array names, parameters and function names are compile errors. - RuntimeCheck: emitEnumRangeCheck + emitNullDerefCheck (used by the pointer phase) following the emitIndexCheck recipe. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26feat: TYPE-system front end — tokens, designators, ParamDecl grammar_ov4
- Reserve TYPE/ENDTYPE/SET/DEFINE (-600 token block); SET/DEFINE parse to dedicated not-implemented errors (RANDOM precedent). - New TypeAST.h: enum/pointer/record decl nodes, designator chain (DesignatorExprAST + Index/Field/Deref accessors), AddrOfExprAST, DesignatorAssignStmtAST. Bare-name and single-index shapes degrade to their legacy nodes, so existing programs produce identical ASTs. - ParserType.cc: TYPE declarations (top-level only, enforced via a ParseBlock depth counter), DECLARE-only record bodies with local field-level error recovery. - Postfix [ ] . ^ chain in ParseIdentifierExpr; prefix ^ (address-of, designator operand only) in ParseUnary; assignment targets rebuilt on the same suffix parser. - Parameters: ParamDecl{name, type, mode, array rank/bounds} replaces the (name, type, byref) tuple. Pass mode is sticky across parameters and BYREF is rejected in FUNCTIONs, both per guide §8.3 (the old per-param reset made the guide's own SWAP example pass Y by value). ARRAY OF T / ARRAY[l:u,...] OF T parameter syntax parses; codegen rejects it until the parameter-passing phase lands. - CodeGen stubs report clear not-implemented errors for the new nodes so nothing is silently ignored. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26refactor: groundwork for TYPE — sizeof constants, string guard, array scoping_ov4
- Element sizes now flow as target-folded null-GEP sizeof constants (TypeSystem::getSizeOfConstant); the module has no DataLayout string, so host-side size math would diverge from the backend on padded structs. - Extract the triplicated STRING null->"" select into CodeGen::emitStringNullGuard. - Scope ArrayTable per function via ArrayHandler::exchangeTable, mirroring the Symbols save/clear/restore discipline. - Promote checked element addressing to public ArrayHandler::emitElementAddress for the upcoming lvalue layer. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26feat: implement CIE 9.1 text file handling ↵_ov4
(OPENFILE/READFILE/WRITEFILE/CLOSEFILE/EOF) Front end: OPENFILE/READFILE/WRITEFILE/CLOSEFILE plus reserved mode keywords READ/WRITE/APPEND (RANDOM reserved with a dedicated not-implemented error); statement nodes in new FileAST.h, parsing in new ParserFile.cc; EOF joins the Builtins table as the 12th builtin and CallExprAST now carries a line number for its runtime diagnostics. Runtime: new FileHandler (StringHandler-shaped leaf) lazily synthesizes internal __cps_file_* helper functions and a 16-slot open-file table keyed by filename content (strcmp — STRING '=' is pointer identity). EOF is an fgetc/ungetc peek; READFILE grows a malloc/realloc line buffer and strips a trailing CR; fopen uses text modes so mingw-w64 line translation works. File-free programs get byte-identical IR. All misuse (not open, wrong mode, reopen, fopen failure, read past EOF, table full) dies with the existing "[Fatal] line N:" pattern via a new RuntimeCheck::emitErrorAndExit overload taking runtime printf args. Also fixes a pre-existing ArithmeticHandler hole surfaced by adversarial review: mixed-width integer operands (i1 BOOLEAN / i8 CHAR vs i64) now widen via ZExt instead of emitting invalid IR, and remaining type mismatches get a clean diagnostic; -EOF(f) and -IS_NUM(x) compile. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26fix: close correctness gaps found by post-refactor adversarial review_ov4
Confirmed by a 17-agent review pass over the refactor diff (12 findings verified against the code and reproduced end-to-end): - marshalCallArgs: BYREF arguments must match the declared parameter type exactly (was: silent bit-reinterpretation, e.g. REAL passed to BYREF INTEGER printed garbage with exit 0); whole-array arguments are rejected (was: callee assignment smashed the array data pointer -> runtime SIGSEGV) - Null guards for CHR/LCASE/UCASE/IS_NUM/NUM_TO_STR/STR_TO_NUM/ASC argument emission (was: compiler SIGSEGV on e.g. CHR(undeclared)), matching the guards MID/RIGHT/LEFT already had - ParseReturnStmt: propagate expression-parse failure (was: diagnostic printed but exit 0) and recognize bare RETURN before ENDWHILE/UNTIL/NEXT (was: bogus diagnostic on legal early return) - emitPrototype rejects FUNCTION/PROCEDURE names that collide with runtime/libc symbols (was: FUNCTION strlen silently hijacked the string runtime; arity mismatch crashed createArgumentAllocas) or with builtins (was: silently shadowed); conflicting redefinitions keep the first signature - FOR STEP is evaluated exactly once, before the loop (was: once per iteration; the runtime-direction refactor had moved it to N+1) - RETURN values are coerced to the declared return type via the signature table (RETURN n in a RETURNS REAL function now compiles) - '&' coerces its operands to STRING (CHAR/number operands work); OUTPUT of a PROCEDURE call reports a clean error AGENTS docs updated to match. All positive samples remain byte-identical to the pre-refactor baseline. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26refactor: drop per-type micro handlers and the parallel NamedValues map_ov4
Integer/Real/Boolean/CharHandler carried only five one-line LLVM API wrappers (now inlined at their call sites in CodeGen.cc) plus dead emitDeclare methods that violated the documented two-table lock-step invariant. StringHandler::emitDeclare (also dead) and its NamedValues reference go too. With the dead writers gone, NamedValues held no information not already in Symbols[].Storage, so the parallel map is removed: getNamedValue reads Symbols, ArrayHandler/FunctionGen take one table, and function bodies save/restore a single map. Behavior unchanged. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26refactor: centralize libc declarations, move '&' concat into StringHandler_ov4
CodeGen declares its own MallocFunc in SetupExternalFunctions and uses it for char->STRING coercion and INPUT STRING buffers, removing two bare getFunction("malloc") calls that null-deref'd if no handler happened to declare malloc first. The CHR branch reuses the char->STRING coercion path instead of a second hand-rolled heap wrapper. String concatenation moves from ArithmeticHandler (which re-declared four externs per '&' and was the LLVM 19 build-pin root cause) to StringHandler::emitConcat; ArithmeticHandler no longer touches the Module. Dead FreeFunc declarations removed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26refactor: keep pseudocode signatures, single call-marshalling path_ov4
emitPrototype now records each FUNCTION/PROCEDURE's pseudocode signature (FuncSig: return type + per-param type/BYREF flag). CodeGen:: marshalCallArgs replaces the two verbatim-duplicated marshalling blocks and dispatches on the declared signature instead of inferring BYREF from pointer-typed LLVM params: BYVAL STRING params now receive the string data pointer (no more runtime garbage), and BYVAL args are coerced to the declared type (INTEGER->REAL args no longer emit invalid IR). Top-level prototypes are pre-registered in compile(), so calls may precede definitions; GenerateCall no longer fabricates i64 externs for unknown names - an unregistered callee is a compile error. OUTPUT reports an error when it cannot infer the expression type instead of printing with the INTEGER format. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>