refactor: single builtin registry, retire keyword route for builtins

All 11 builtins now live in one static {Name, Arity, ReturnTypeName}
table in CodeGen.cc: emitExpr checks arity against it (uniform
"Error: X expects N args" diagnostics) and getExprTypeInfo reads return
types from it, removing the duplicated hard-coded table.

LENGTH/MID/RIGHT/LEFT/LCASE/UCASE lose their lexer tokens and
ParseStringBuiltin; they parse as ordinary identifier calls exactly like
ASC/CHR/IS_NUM/NUM_TO_STR/STR_TO_NUM already did. Behavior note: these
six names are no longer reserved words.

AGENTS docs updated for the new builtin story and the batch-1 error
contract (exit codes, verifyModule, fixed descending FOR).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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